Moses, typically associated with law and obedience, here becomes God's instrument of sovereign power, wielding divine authority to devastate Egypt through supernatural locusts.
1The LORD said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these my signs among them;
2and that you may tell in the hearing of your son, and of your son’s son, what things I have done to Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that you may know that I am the LORD.”
3Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh, and said to him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may serve me.
4Or else, if you refuse to let my people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your country,
5and they shall cover the surface of the earth, so that one won’t be able to see the earth. They shall eat the residue of that which has escaped, which remains to you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which grows for you out of the field.
6Your houses shall be filled, and the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians, as neither your fathers nor your fathers’ fathers have seen, since the day that they were on the earth to this day.’” He turned, and went out from Pharaoh.
7Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve the LORD, their God. Don’t you yet know that Egypt is destroyed?”
8Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “Go, serve the LORD your God; but who are those who will go?”
9Moses said, “We will go with our young and with our old. We will go with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds; for we must hold a feast to the LORD.”
10He said to them, “The LORD be with you if I let you go with your little ones! See, evil is clearly before your faces.
11Not so! Go now you who are men, and serve the LORD; for that is what you desire!” Then they were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.
12The LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up on the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail has left.”
13Moses stretched out his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind on the land all that day, and all night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.
14The locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt. They were very grievous. Before them there were no such locusts as they, nor will there ever be again.
15For they covered the surface of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened, and they ate every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left. There remained nothing green, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt.
16Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste, and he said, “I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you.
17Now therefore please forgive my sin again, and pray to the LORD your God, that he may also take away from me this death.”
18Moses went out from Pharaoh, and prayed to the LORD.
19The LORD sent an exceedingly strong west wind, which took up the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea. There remained not one locust in all the borders of Egypt.
20But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he didn’t let the children of Israel go.
21The LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.”
22Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt for three days.
23They didn’t see one another, and nobody rose from his place for three days; but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.
24Pharaoh called to Moses, and said, “Go, serve the LORD. Only let your flocks and your herds stay behind. Let your little ones also go with you.”
25Moses said, “You must also give into our hand sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.
26Our livestock also shall go with us. Not a hoof shall be left behind, for of it we must take to serve the LORD our God; and we don’t know with what we must serve the LORD, until we come there.”
27But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t let them go.
28Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me! Be careful to see my face no more; for in the day you see my face you shall die!”
29Moses said, “You have spoken well. I will see your face again no more.”
Exodus 10 records the eighth and ninth plagues against Egypt: devastating locusts and supernatural darkness. Despite his officials urging him to release the Israelites, Pharaoh continues to resist God's demands, offering only partial compliance by suggesting the men alone could go worship. The locusts consume everything the hail left behind, and the darkness becomes so thick it can be felt, yet Pharaoh's heart remains hardened even as Egypt faces complete ruin.
Context
This chapter continues the escalating series of plagues from chapters 7-9, building toward the climactic tenth plague and Passover in chapters 11-12.
Key Themes
Outline
God sends the eighth plague of locusts through Moses and Aaron to devastate Egypt's remaining crops after the hail. Despite his servants' pleas and negotiations about who can leave, Pharaoh's hardened heart continues to resist letting all the Israelites go.
person_contrast
Moses, typically associated with law and obedience, here becomes God's instrument of sovereign power, wielding divine authority to devastate Egypt through supernatural locusts.
God brings the ninth plague of thick darkness over Egypt for three days while the Israelites have light in their dwellings. Pharaoh's final negotiation fails as he refuses Moses' terms, leading to their permanent separation and setting up the final plague.
person_contrast
Moses uniquely commands cosmic forces here, wielding divine power over light and darkness rather than his typical role as lawgiver and mediator.
Moses, typically associated with law and obedience, here becomes God's instrument of sovereign power, wielding divine authority to devastate Egypt through supernatural locusts.
Moses uniquely commands cosmic forces here, wielding divine power over light and darkness rather than his typical role as lawgiver and mediator.
Connected passages across Scripture
The hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and animal; and the hail struck eve…
The LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on man,…
The earth yielded grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, with their seeds in it, after th…
God said, “Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree,…
God said, “Let the earth yield grass, herbs yielding seeds, and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with their s…
Gideon said to God, “Don’t let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once. Please let me make a tr…
Samson called to the LORD, and said, “Lord GOD, remember me, please, and strengthen me, please, only this once, God, tha…
He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I wil…
Nevertheless he held to the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. He didn’t depart from t…
Word-by-word original language
Places and events in this chapter
Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.
The locust plague completes Egypt's agricultural destruction, intensifying pressure on Pharaoh to release Israel.
Eighth Plague: LocustsIsrael's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.
The darkness plague symbolically defeats Ra, Egypt's sun god, while illuminating Israelite homes.
Ninth Plague: Darkness