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Jeremiah 23

The Righteous Branch

1“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!” says the LORD.

2Therefore the LORD, the God of Israel, says against the shepherds who feed my people: “You have scattered my flock, driven them away, and have not visited them. Behold, I will visit on you the evil of your doings,” says the LORD.

3“I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they will be fruitful and multiply.

4I will set up shepherds over them who will feed them. They will no longer be afraid or dismayed, neither will any be lacking,” says the LORD.

5“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch; and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land.

6In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. This is his name by which he will be called: The LORD our righteousness.

7“Therefore, behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that they will no more say, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;’

8but, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up and who led the offspring of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them.’ Then they will dwell in their own land.”

Against the False Prophets

9Concerning the prophets: My heart within me is broken. All my bones shake. I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine has overcome, because of the LORD, and because of his holy words.

10“For the land is full of adulterers; for because of the curse the land mourns. The pastures of the wilderness have dried up. Their course is evil, and their might is not right;

11for both prophet and priest are profane. Yes, in my house I have found their wickedness,” says the LORD.

12Therefore their way will be to them as slippery places in the darkness. They will be driven on, and fall therein; for I will bring evil on them, even the year of their visitation,” says the LORD.

13“I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria. They prophesied by Baal, and caused my people Israel to err.

14In the prophets of Jerusalem I have also seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery and walk in lies. They strengthen the hands of evildoers, so that no one returns from his wickedness. They have all become to me as Sodom, and its inhabitants as Gomorrah.”

15Therefore the LORD of Armies says concerning the prophets: “Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink poisoned water; for from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has gone out into all the land.”

Do Not Listen to False Prophets

16The LORD of Armies says, “Don’t listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They teach you vanity. They speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD.

17They say continually to those who despise me, ‘The LORD has said, “You will have peace;”’ and to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart they say, ‘No evil will come on you.’

18For who has stood in the council of the LORD, that he should perceive and hear his word? Who has listened to my word, and heard it?

19Behold, the LORD’s storm, his wrath, has gone out. Yes, a whirling storm! It will burst on the head of the wicked.

20The LORD’s anger will not return until he has executed and performed the intents of his heart. In the latter days, you will understand it perfectly.

21I didn’t send these prophets, yet they ran. I didn’t speak to them, yet they prophesied.

22But if they had stood in my council, then they would have caused my people to hear my words, and would have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings.

God Knows All and Condemns False Dreams

23“Am I a God at hand,” says the LORD, “and not a God afar off?

24Can anyone hide himself in secret places so that I can’t see him?” says the LORD. “Don’t I fill heaven and earth?” says the LORD.

25“I have heard what the prophets have said, who prophesy lies in my name, saying, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’

26How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy lies, even the prophets of the deceit of their own heart?

27They intend to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they each tell his neighbor, as their fathers forgot my name because of Baal.

28The prophet who has a dream, let him tell a dream; and he who has my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the straw to the wheat?” says the LORD.

29“Isn’t my word like fire?” says the LORD; “and like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces?

30“Therefore behold, I am against the prophets,” says the LORD, “who each steal my words from his neighbor.

31Behold, I am against the prophets,” says the LORD, “who use their tongues, and say, ‘He says.’

32Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams,” says the LORD, “who tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting; yet I didn’t send them or command them. They don’t profit this people at all,” says the LORD.

The Burden of the Lord

33“When this people, or the prophet, or a priest, asks you, saying, ‘What is the message from the LORD?’ Then you shall tell them, ‘“What message? I will cast you off,” says the LORD.’

34As for the prophet, the priest, and the people, who say, ‘The message from the LORD,’ I will even punish that man and his household.

35You will say everyone to his neighbor, and everyone to his brother, ‘What has the LORD answered?’ and, ‘What has the LORD said?’

36You will mention the message from the LORD no more, for every man’s own word has become his message; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of the LORD of Armies, our God.

37You will say to the prophet, ‘What has the LORD answered you?’ and, ‘What has the LORD spoken?’

38Although you say, ‘The message from the LORD,’ therefore the LORD says: ‘Because you say this word, “The message from the LORD,” and I have sent to you, telling you not to say, “The message from the LORD,”

39therefore behold, I will utterly forget you, and I will cast you off with the city that I gave to you and to your fathers, away from my presence.

40I will bring an everlasting reproach on you, and a perpetual shame, which will not be forgotten.’”

Jeremiah 23 contrasts God's promise of righteous leadership with condemnation of corrupt shepherds and false prophets. The chapter opens with hope, promising a 'righteous Branch' from David's line who will restore Israel and rule with justice. However, the majority focuses on God's fierce judgment against false prophets who lead people astray with lies, comparing them to Sodom and Gomorrah and promising severe punishment for their deception.

Context

This chapter follows Jeremiah's condemnation of kings in chapter 22 and continues the theme of failed leadership, while anticipating the restoration promises that will be developed further in chapters 30-33.

Key Themes

Outline

  • 1-4
    Woe to Unfaithful Shepherds God condemns the leaders who scattered His people but promises to gather the remnant and provide faithful shepherds.
  • 5-8
    The Righteous Branch God promises to raise up a righteous king from David's line who will bring justice and restore Israel to their land.
  • 9-15
    Jeremiah's Anguish Over False Prophets Jeremiah expresses his heartbreak over corrupt prophets and priests, and God pronounces judgment like wormwood and poison.
  • 16-22
    Warning Against False Prophecies God warns the people not to listen to prophets who speak from their own hearts rather than God's word.
  • 23-32
    God's Omniscience and False Dreams God declares His knowledge of all things and condemns prophets who claim divine authority for their own dreams and lies.
  • 33-40
    The Burden of the Lord God rejects the misuse of the phrase 'burden of the Lord' and promises exile for those who persist in disobedience.

The Righteous Branch

23:1–23:8
prophecy hopeful

After condemning bad shepherds, God promises to raise up good shepherds and a righteous Branch from David's line who will reign with justice and bring salvation.

person_contrast

David's messianic "Branch" (צמח) uniquely combines royal lineage with shepherding imagery, reversing the failed shepherd-kings who scattered God's flock through this same Davidic line.

Against the False Prophets

23:9–23:15
prophecy anguished

Jeremiah expresses anguish over false prophets and priests who have corrupted the land with adultery and lies, prompting God's judgment like that of Sodom and Gomorrah.

theme_rarity

Jeremiah's physical collapse—broken heart, shaking bones, drunken-like state—mirrors the spiritual devastation caused by prophets who profane God's "holy words" with their lies.

Do Not Listen to False Prophets

23:16–23:22
prophecy instruction warning

God warns against listening to false prophets who speak from their own hearts rather than His council, promising that His wrath will come upon the wicked while true prophets would turn people from evil.

theme_rarity

Jeremiah uniquely contrasts false prophets who "speak visions of their own heart" with true prophets who "stood in the LORD's council," using the rare Hebrew term *sod* (divine council) found in only five prophetic texts.

God Knows All and Condemns False Dreams

23:23–23:32
prophecy speech wrathful

God condemns false prophets who claim divine dreams and visions, asserting His omnipresence and the power of His true word against deceptive prophecies that lead people away from Him.

structural

Jeremiah uniquely contrasts God's omnipresence with false prophets' deceptive dreams, using the rare Hebrew phrase "God at hand and afar off" to demolish claims of hidden divine revelation.

The Burden of the Lord

23:33–23:40
prophecy instruction wrathful

God instructs Jeremiah on how to respond to those who mockingly ask for 'the burden of the LORD,' warning of punishment and exile for those who pervert His words.

theme_rarity

Jeremiah transforms the Hebrew word "massa" from its typical meaning of prophetic "burden" into a pun meaning "to lift up and cast away," weaponizing language against those who mock divine authority.

Insights

Insight Character Study

David's messianic "Branch" (צמח) uniquely combines royal lineage with shepherding imagery, reversing the failed shepherd-kings who scattered God's flock through this same Davidic line.

Insight Rare Theme

Jeremiah's physical collapse—broken heart, shaking bones, drunken-like state—mirrors the spiritual devastation caused by prophets who profane God's "holy words" with their lies.

Insight Rare Theme

Jeremiah uniquely contrasts false prophets who "speak visions of their own heart" with true prophets who "stood in the LORD's council," using the rare Hebrew term *sod* (divine council) found in only five prophetic texts.

Insight Literary Structure

Jeremiah uniquely contrasts God's omnipresence with false prophets' deceptive dreams, using the rare Hebrew phrase "God at hand and afar off" to demolish claims of hidden divine revelation.

Insight Rare Theme

Jeremiah transforms the Hebrew word "massa" from its typical meaning of prophetic "burden" into a pun meaning "to lift up and cast away," weaponizing language against those who mock divine authority.

Cross-References

Connected passages across Scripture

Interlinear

Word-by-word original language

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Historical Context

Places and events in this chapter

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Timeline

Exodus

c. 1446 BC

Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.

The righteous Branch will bring salvation greater than God's deliverance during the exodus.

The Righteous Branch