Jeremiah uniquely employs both marital metaphor ("bride") and agricultural imagery ("first fruits," "living waters") to create a double betrayal narrative where Israel abandons both covenant relationship and divine provision.
1The LORD’s word came to me, saying,
2“Go and proclaim in the ears of Jerusalem, saying, ‘The LORD says, “I remember for you the kindness of your youth, your love as a bride, how you went after me in the wilderness, in a land that was not sown.
3Israel was holiness to the LORD, the first fruits of his increase. All who devour him will be held guilty. Evil will come on them,”’ says the LORD.”
4Hear the LORD’s word, O house of Jacob, and all the families of the house of Israel!
5The LORD says, “What unrighteousness have your fathers found in me, that they have gone far from me, and have walked after worthless vanity, and have become worthless?
6They didn’t say, ‘Where is the LORD who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, who led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought and of the shadow of death, through a land that no one passed through, and where no man lived?’
7I brought you into a plentiful land to eat its fruit and its goodness; but when you entered, you defiled my land, and made my heritage an abomination.
8The priests didn’t say, ‘Where is the LORD?’ and those who handle the law didn’t know me. The rulers also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal and followed things that do not profit.
9“Therefore I will yet contend with you,” says the LORD, “and I will contend with your children’s children.
10For pass over to the islands of Kittim, and see. Send to Kedar, and consider diligently, and see if there has been such a thing.
11Has a nation changed its gods, which really are no gods? But my people have changed their glory for that which doesn’t profit.
12“Be astonished, you heavens, at this and be horribly afraid. Be very desolate,” says the LORD.
13“For my people have committed two evils: they have forsaken me, the spring of living waters, and cut out cisterns for themselves: broken cisterns that can’t hold water.
14Is Israel a slave? Is he born into slavery? Why has he become a captive?
15The young lions have roared at him and raised their voices. They have made his land waste. His cities are burned up, without inhabitant.
16The children also of Memphis and Tahpanhes have broken the crown of your head.
17“Haven’t you brought this on yourself, in that you have forsaken the LORD your God, when he led you by the way?
18Now what do you gain by going to Egypt, to drink the waters of the Shihor? Or why do you go on the way to Assyria, to drink the waters of the River?
19“Your own wickedness will correct you, and your backsliding will rebuke you. Know therefore and see that it is an evil and bitter thing, that you have forsaken the LORD your God, and that my fear is not in you,” says the Lord, GOD of Armies.
20“For long ago I broke off your yoke, and burst your bonds. You said, ‘I will not serve;’ for on every high hill and under every green tree you bowed yourself, playing the prostitute.
21Yet I had planted you a noble vine, a pure and faithful seed. How then have you turned into the degenerate branches of a foreign vine to me?
22For though you wash yourself with lye, and use much soap, yet your iniquity is marked before me,” says the Lord GOD.
23“How can you say, ‘I am not defiled. I have not gone after the Baals’? See your way in the valley. Know what you have done. You are a swift dromedary traversing her ways,
24a wild donkey used to the wilderness, that sniffs the wind in her craving. When she is in heat, who can turn her away? All those who seek her will not weary themselves. In her month, they will find her.
25“Keep your feet from being bare, and your throat from thirst. But you said, ‘It is in vain. No, for I have loved strangers, and I will go after them.’
26As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so the house of Israel is ashamed— they, their kings, their princes, their priests, and their prophets,
27who tell wood, ‘You are my father,’ and a stone, ‘You have given birth to me,’ for they have turned their back to me, and not their face, but in the time of their trouble they will say, ‘Arise, and save us!’
28“But where are your gods that you have made for yourselves? Let them arise, if they can save you in the time of your trouble, for you have as many gods as you have towns, O Judah.
29“Why will you contend with me? You all have transgressed against me,” says the LORD.
30“I have struck your children in vain. They received no correction. Your own sword has devoured your prophets, like a destroying lion.
31Generation, consider the LORD’s word. Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of thick darkness? Why do my people say, ‘We have broken loose. We will come to you no more’?
32“Can a virgin forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire? Yet my people have forgotten me for days without number.
33How well you prepare your way to seek love! Therefore you have even taught the wicked women your ways.
34Also the blood of the souls of the innocent poor is found in your skirts. You didn’t find them breaking in, but it is because of all these things.
35“Yet you said, ‘I am innocent. Surely his anger has turned away from me.’ “Behold, I will judge you, because you say, ‘I have not sinned.’
36Why do you go about so much to change your ways? You will be ashamed of Egypt also, as you were ashamed of Assyria.
37You will also leave that place with your hands on your head; for the LORD has rejected those in whom you trust, and you won’t prosper with them.
God commands Jeremiah to proclaim His case against Jerusalem, contrasting Israel's early faithfulness as His bride with their current apostasy and idolatry. Using vivid metaphors of broken cisterns and spiritual adultery, the Lord details how His people have abandoned Him—the source of living water—for worthless idols and foreign alliances. The chapter presents God's lawsuit against Israel, documenting their ingratitude despite His faithful provision and warning of the consequences of their rebellion.
Context
Following Jeremiah's call in chapter 1, this chapter begins his prophetic ministry with God's formal indictment against Judah's covenant unfaithfulness.
Key Themes
Outline
God laments Israel's apostasy, contrasting their early faithfulness as a bride with their current abandonment of him for worthless idols, forsaking the spring of living waters.
structural
Jeremiah uniquely employs both marital metaphor ("bride") and agricultural imagery ("first fruits," "living waters") to create a double betrayal narrative where Israel abandons both covenant relationship and divine provision.
God condemns Israel's spiritual adultery and political alliances, describing the consequences of forsaking him through vivid metaphors of shame and captivity.
geographic
Tahpanhes, mentioned only four times in Scripture, represents Egypt's broken promises as this border fortress "breaks Israel's crown" rather than providing the protection sought through foreign alliances.
God condemns Israel's persistent rebellion and refusal to accept correction, warning of judgment for their sins including violence against the innocent. Despite their claims of innocence, God declares he will judge them for their unfaithfulness and misplaced trust in foreign nations.
structural
Jeremiah uniquely combines legal terminology ("contend," "transgressed") with maternal imagery ("children," "correction") to portray God simultaneously as both prosecuting judge and grieving parent confronting Israel's rebellion.
Jeremiah uniquely employs both marital metaphor ("bride") and agricultural imagery ("first fruits," "living waters") to create a double betrayal narrative where Israel abandons both covenant relationship and divine provision.
Tahpanhes, mentioned only four times in Scripture, represents Egypt's broken promises as this border fortress "breaks Israel's crown" rather than providing the protection sought through foreign alliances.
Jeremiah uniquely combines legal terminology ("contend," "transgressed") with maternal imagery ("children," "correction") to portray God simultaneously as both prosecuting judge and grieving parent confronting Israel's rebellion.
Connected passages across Scripture
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For they also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every gre…
and they set up for themselves pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree;
Because they ministered to them before their idols, and became a stumbling block of iniquity to the house of Israel, the…
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“But who can endure the day of his coming? And who will stand when he appears? For he is like a refiner’s fire, and like…
Word-by-word original language
Places and events in this chapter
Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.
God contrasts Israel's early faithfulness during the wilderness period with their current apostasy.
Israel's Apostasy and Ingratitude