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Proverbs 30

Agur's Words: Humility and Prayer

1The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the revelation: the man says to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal:

2“Surely I am the most ignorant man, and don’t have a man’s understanding.

3I have not learned wisdom, neither do I have the knowledge of the Holy One.

4Who has ascended up into heaven, and descended? Who has gathered the wind in his fists? Who has bound the waters in his garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son’s name, if you know?

5“Every word of God is flawless. He is a shield to those who take refuge in him.

6Don’t you add to his words, lest he reprove you, and you be found a liar.

7“Two things I have asked of you. Don’t deny me before I die.

8Remove far from me falsehood and lies. Give me neither poverty nor riches. Feed me with the food that is needful for me,

9lest I be full, deny you, and say, ‘Who is the LORD?’ or lest I be poor, and steal, and so dishonor the name of my God.

Warnings and Observations

10“Don’t slander a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you be held guilty.

11There is a generation that curses their father, and doesn’t bless their mother.

12There is a generation that is pure in their own eyes, yet are not washed from their filthiness.

13There is a generation, oh how lofty are their eyes! Their eyelids are lifted up.

14There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, and their jaws like knives, to devour the poor from the earth, and the needy from among men.

15“The leech has two daughters: ‘Give, give.’ “There are three things that are never satisfied; four that don’t say, ‘Enough!’:

16Sheol, the barren womb, the earth that is not satisfied with water, and the fire that doesn’t say, ‘Enough!’

17“The eye that mocks at his father, and scorns obedience to his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, the young eagles shall eat it.

18“There are three things which are too amazing for me, four which I don’t understand:

19The way of an eagle in the air, the way of a serpent on a rock, the way of a ship in the middle of the sea, and the way of a man with a maiden.

20“So is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, and says, ‘I have done nothing wrong.’

Numerical Sayings: Intolerable and Mighty Things

21“For three things the earth trembles, and under four, it can’t bear up:

22For a servant when he is king, a fool when he is filled with food,

23for an unloved woman when she is married, and a servant who is heir to her mistress.

24“There are four things which are little on the earth, but they are exceedingly wise:

25The ants are not a strong people, yet they provide their food in the summer.

26The hyraxes are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks.

27The locusts have no king, yet they advance in ranks.

28You can catch a lizard with your hands, yet it is in kings’ palaces.

29“There are three things which are stately in their march, four which are stately in going:

30The lion, which is mightiest among animals, and doesn’t turn away for any;

31the greyhound; the male goat; and the king against whom there is no rising up.

32“If you have done foolishly in lifting up yourself, or if you have thought evil, put your hand over your mouth.

33For as the churning of milk produces butter, and the wringing of the nose produces blood, so the forcing of wrath produces strife.”

Proverbs 30 presents the words of Agur, a wisdom teacher who begins with profound humility about his own limitations and God's transcendence. Through a series of numerical sayings ("three things... four things"), Agur offers observations about human nature, natural phenomena, and social dynamics that reveal both the complexity of life and the wisdom found in creation. His teachings emphasize the dangers of pride, the importance of contentment, and the value of learning from even the smallest creatures.

Context

This chapter introduces a new voice distinct from Solomon's proverbs, offering a more contemplative and systematic approach to wisdom through numerical sayings that will conclude the book's main instructional content.

Key Themes

Outline

  • 1-6
    Agur's Humble Introduction Agur acknowledges his ignorance before God's infinite wisdom and warns against adding to God's perfect words.
  • 7-9
    A Prayer for Balance Agur requests protection from lies and asks for neither poverty nor riches, seeking contentment in God's provision.
  • 10-17
    Warnings About Human Wickedness Observations about slanderous speech, generational sins, pride, and the consequences of dishonoring parents.
  • 18-23
    Mysteries and Intolerable Things Four wonders of nature followed by four situations that create social upheaval and instability.
  • 24-31
    Lessons from Small and Mighty Creatures Four small but wise animals teach practical lessons, followed by four examples of dignified strength and bearing.

Agur's Words: Humility and Prayer

30:1–30:9
wisdom prayer

Agur's humble confession of ignorance and prayer for honesty and contentment, acknowledging God's sovereignty and the perfection of His word.

theme_rarity

Agur's prayer uniquely balances requests for neither poverty nor riches, making this one of only two biblical passages where themes of humility and divine provision directly intersect.

Warnings and Observations

30:10–30:20
wisdom instruction warning

Warnings against various sins including disrespecting parents and oppressing the poor, with numerical sayings about insatiable desires and mysterious ways.

theme_rarity

Agur's condemnation of those "pure in their own eyes" who curse their parents uniquely links familial rebellion with self-righteous pride, a rare thematic pairing in biblical wisdom literature.

Numerical Sayings: Intolerable and Mighty Things

30:21–30:33
wisdom instruction contemplative

Numerical proverbs describing intolerable social disruptions, small but wise creatures, and majestic beings, concluding with warnings against pride and anger.

structural

The four "intolerable things" in verses 21-23 all involve social inversions where lower-status individuals gain power, revealing ancient Israel's anxiety about disrupted hierarchical order.

Insights

Insight Rare Theme

Agur's prayer uniquely balances requests for neither poverty nor riches, making this one of only two biblical passages where themes of humility and divine provision directly intersect.

Insight Rare Theme

Agur's condemnation of those "pure in their own eyes" who curse their parents uniquely links familial rebellion with self-righteous pride, a rare thematic pairing in biblical wisdom literature.

Insight Literary Structure

The four "intolerable things" in verses 21-23 all involve social inversions where lower-status individuals gain power, revealing ancient Israel's anxiety about disrupted hierarchical order.

Cross-References

Connected passages across Scripture

Interlinear

Word-by-word original language

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