Isaiah's fourfold repetition of legal terminology—"decree," "write," "justice," and "rights"—creates a juridical wordplay where corrupt lawmakers become defendants in God's cosmic courtroom.
1Woe to those who decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers who write oppressive decrees
2to deprive the needy of justice, and to rob the poor among my people of their rights, that widows may be their plunder, and that they may make the fatherless their prey!
3What will you do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which will come from afar? To whom will you flee for help? Where will you leave your wealth?
4They will only bow down under the prisoners, and will fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.
5Alas Assyrian, the rod of my anger, the staff in whose hand is my indignation!
6I will send him against a profane nation, and against the people who anger me I will give him a command to take the plunder and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.
7However, he doesn’t mean so, neither does his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy, and to cut off not a few nations.
8For he says, “Aren’t all of my princes kings?
9Isn’t Calno like Carchemish? Isn’t Hamath like Arpad? Isn’t Samaria like Damascus?”
10As my hand has found the kingdoms of the idols, whose engraved images exceeded those of Jerusalem and of Samaria,
11shall I not, as I have done to Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols?
12Therefore it will happen that when the Lord has performed his whole work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the willful proud heart of the king of Assyria, and the insolence of his arrogant looks.
13For he has said, “By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom, for I have understanding. I have removed the boundaries of the peoples, and have robbed their treasures. Like a valiant man I have brought down their rulers.
14My hand has found the riches of the peoples like a nest, and like one gathers eggs that are abandoned, I have gathered all the earth. There was no one who moved their wing, or that opened their mouth, or chirped.”
15Should an ax brag against him who chops with it? Should a saw exalt itself above him who saws with it? As if a rod should lift those who lift it up, or as if a staff should lift up someone who is not wood.
16Therefore the Lord, GOD of Armies, will send among his fat ones leanness; and under his glory a burning will be kindled like the burning of fire.
17The light of Israel will be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame; and it will burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day.
18He will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful field, both soul and body. It will be as when a standard bearer faints.
19The remnant of the trees of his forest shall be few, so that a child could write their number.
20It will come to pass in that day that the remnant of Israel, and those who have escaped from the house of Jacob will no more again lean on him who struck them, but shall lean on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.
21A remnant will return, even the remnant of Jacob, to the mighty God.
22For though your people, Israel, are like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return. A destruction is determined, overflowing with righteousness.
23For the Lord, GOD of Armies, will make a full end, and that determined, throughout all the earth.
24Therefore the Lord, GOD of Armies, says, “My people who dwell in Zion, don’t be afraid of the Assyrian, though he strike you with the rod, and lift up his staff against you, as Egypt did.
25For yet a very little while, and the indignation against you will be accomplished, and my anger will be directed to his destruction.”
26The LORD of Armies will stir up a scourge against him, as in the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb. His rod will be over the sea, and he will lift it up like he did against Egypt.
27It will happen in that day that his burden will depart from off your shoulder, and his yoke from off your neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing oil.
28He has come to Aiath. He has passed through Migron. At Michmash he stores his baggage.
29They have gone over the pass. They have taken up their lodging at Geba. Ramah trembles. Gibeah of Saul has fled.
30Cry aloud with your voice, daughter of Gallim! Listen, Laishah! You poor Anathoth!
31Madmenah is a fugitive. The inhabitants of Gebim flee for safety.
32This very day he will halt at Nob. He shakes his hand at the mountain of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.
33Behold, the Lord, GOD of Armies, will lop the boughs with terror. The tall will be cut down, and the lofty will be brought low.
34He will cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon will fall by the Mighty One.
Isaiah 10 begins with a condemnation of unjust rulers who oppress the poor and vulnerable, warning of coming judgment. The chapter then reveals God's use of Assyria as His instrument of judgment against Israel, while simultaneously condemning Assyria's pride and arrogance in believing their conquests come from their own strength rather than God's sovereignty. The chapter concludes with hope for a faithful remnant of Israel who will survive the judgment and learn to trust in the Lord rather than foreign powers.
Context
This chapter continues the judgment oracles from chapters 8-9 while introducing the Assyrian crisis that dominates much of Isaiah's prophecy.
Key Themes
Outline
A woe oracle against corrupt lawmakers who create unjust laws that oppress the poor, widows, and orphans. God warns of coming judgment and desolation for those who pervert justice.
structural
Isaiah's fourfold repetition of legal terminology—"decree," "write," "justice," and "rights"—creates a juridical wordplay where corrupt lawmakers become defendants in God's cosmic courtroom.
God declares Assyria as His instrument of judgment against Israel, but warns that He will also punish Assyria for their pride and arrogance. The passage emphasizes God's sovereignty over all nations and their rulers.
geographic
Assyria's boastful catalog of conquered cities—Calno, Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad, Samaria, Damascus—ironically becomes evidence for God's case against their pride in verses 9-11.
God promises that a remnant of Israel will return and trust in Him rather than foreign powers. He assures His people of deliverance from Assyrian oppression, referencing His past mighty acts against Egypt.
person_contrast
Jacob appears in this passage not as the covenant patriarch but as a vulnerable survivor needing divine protection, marking a rare shift from his typical role as covenant founder to remnant refugee.
Isaiah's fourfold repetition of legal terminology—"decree," "write," "justice," and "rights"—creates a juridical wordplay where corrupt lawmakers become defendants in God's cosmic courtroom.
Assyria's boastful catalog of conquered cities—Calno, Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad, Samaria, Damascus—ironically becomes evidence for God's case against their pride in verses 9-11.
Jacob appears in this passage not as the covenant patriarch but as a vulnerable survivor needing divine protection, marking a rare shift from his typical role as covenant founder to remnant refugee.
Connected passages across Scripture
The LORD says: “Execute justice and righteousness, and deliver him who is robbed out of the hand of the oppressor. Do no…
I will come near to you to judgment. I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, against the adulterers, against th…
‘Cursed is he who withholds justice from the foreigner, fatherless, and widow.’ All the people shall say, ‘Amen.’
You shall not deprive the foreigner or the fatherless of justice, nor take a widow’s clothing in pledge;
There are those who pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of the poor,
to take the plunder and to take prey; to turn your hand against the waste places that are inhabited, and against the peo…
Therefore the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. He will carry off…
Sheba, Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all its young lions, will ask you, ‘Have you come to take the plunder?…
Your rigging is untied. They couldn’t strengthen the foot of their mast. They couldn’t spread the sail. Then the prey of…
Of Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are confounded, for they have heard evil news. They have melted away. There is sorrow on…
Where are the gods of Hamath and of Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Sam…
Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?
Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”
Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”
If you come across a bird’s nest on the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the hen sitting…
As a bird that wanders from her nest, so is a man who wanders from his home.
For it will be that as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so will the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon.
He has cut off all the horn of Israel in fierce anger. He has drawn back his right hand from before the enemy. He has bu…
When you pass through the waters, I will be with you, and through the rivers, they will not overflow you. When you walk…
For they have prepared their heart like an oven, while they lie in wait. Their anger smolders all night. In the morning…
A fire was kindled in their company. The flame burned up the wicked.
Therefore as the tongue of fire devours the stubble, and as the dry grass sinks down in the flame, so their root shall b…
Now therefore don’t be scoffers, lest your bonds be made strong; for I have heard a decree of destruction from the Lord,…
When I prophesied, Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. Then I fell down on my face, and cried with a loud voice, and said,…
“‘Therefore the Lord GOD says: “I will even tear it with a stormy wind in my wrath. There will be an overflowing shower…
He will make a firm covenant with many for one week. In the middle of the week he will cause the sacrifice and the offer…
Word-by-word original language
Places and events in this chapter
Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.
God references His past mighty acts against Egypt to assure deliverance from Assyria.
The Remnant of Israel