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Isaiah 14

Israel's Return and Babylon's Fall

1For the LORD will have compassion on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land. The foreigner will join himself with them, and they will unite with the house of Jacob.

2The peoples will take them, and bring them to their place. The house of Israel will possess them in the LORD’s land for servants and for handmaids. They will take as captives those whose captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors.

3It will happen in the day that the LORD will give you rest from your sorrow, from your trouble, and from the hard service in which you were made to serve,

4that you will take up this parable against the king of Babylon, and say, “How the oppressor has ceased! The golden city has ceased!”

5The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers,

6who struck the peoples in wrath with a continual stroke, who ruled the nations in anger, with a persecution that no one restrained.

7The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet. They break out in song.

8Yes, the cypress trees rejoice with you, with the cedars of Lebanon, saying, “Since you are humbled, no lumberjack has come up against us.”

9Sheol from beneath has moved for you to meet you at your coming. It stirs up the departed spirits for you, even all the rulers of the earth. It has raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.

10They all will answer and ask you, “Have you also become as weak as we are? Have you become like us?”

11Your pomp is brought down to Sheol, with the sound of your stringed instruments. Maggots are spread out under you, and worms cover you.

12How you have fallen from heaven, shining one, son of the dawn! How you are cut down to the ground, who laid the nations low!

13You said in your heart, “I will ascend into heaven! I will exalt my throne above the stars of God! I will sit on the mountain of assembly, in the far north!

14I will ascend above the heights of the clouds! I will make myself like the Most High!”

15Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol, to the depths of the pit.

16Those who see you will stare at you. They will ponder you, saying, “Is this the man who made the earth to tremble, who shook kingdoms,

17who made the world like a wilderness, and overthrew its cities, who didn’t release his prisoners to their home?”

18All the kings of the nations sleep in glory, everyone in his own house.

19But you are cast away from your tomb like an abominable branch, clothed with the slain who are thrust through with the sword, who go down to the stones of the pit; like a dead body trodden under foot.

20You will not join them in burial, because you have destroyed your land. You have killed your people. The offspring of evildoers will not be named forever.

21Prepare for slaughter of his children because of the iniquity of their fathers, that they not rise up and possess the earth, and fill the surface of the world with cities.

22“I will rise up against them,” says the LORD of Armies, “and cut off from Babylon name and remnant, and son and son’s son,” says the LORD.

23“I will also make it a possession for the porcupine, and pools of water. I will sweep it with the broom of destruction,” says the LORD of Armies.

Oracle Against Assyria

24The LORD of Armies has sworn, saying, “Surely, as I have thought, so shall it happen; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:

25that I will break the Assyrian in my land, and tread him under foot on my mountains. Then his yoke will leave them, and his burden leave their shoulders.

26This is the plan that is determined for the whole earth. This is the hand that is stretched out over all the nations.

27For the LORD of Armies has planned, and who can stop it? His hand is stretched out, and who can turn it back?”

Oracle Against Philistia

28This burden was in the year that King Ahaz died.

29Don’t rejoice, O Philistia, all of you, because the rod that struck you is broken; for out of the serpent’s root an adder will emerge, and his fruit will be a fiery flying serpent.

30The firstborn of the poor will eat, and the needy will lie down in safety; and I will kill your root with famine, and your remnant will be killed.

31Howl, gate! Cry, city! You are melted away, Philistia, all of you; for smoke comes out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.

32What will they answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD has founded Zion, and in her the afflicted of his people will take refuge.

Isaiah 14 presents three distinct oracles that demonstrate God's sovereignty over the nations. The chapter begins with a promise of Israel's restoration and reversal of fortune, followed by a dramatic taunt song against Babylon's king, whose prideful ambition to rival God leads to his spectacular downfall. The chapter concludes with briefer oracles against Assyria and Philistia, emphasizing that God's purposes cannot be thwarted by any earthly power.

Context

This chapter continues the series of oracles against foreign nations that began in chapter 13, demonstrating God's control over Israel's oppressors.

Key Themes

Outline

  • 1-3
    Promise of Israel's Restoration God promises compassion on Jacob, return to their land, and reversal of their captivity
  • 4-8
    Taunt Against Babylon's Oppression Israel will mock Babylon's fallen king whose tyrannical rule has finally ended
  • 9-11
    Babylon's King Welcomed to Sheol The underworld receives the once-mighty ruler who is now as weak as other dead kings
  • 12-15
    The Shining One's Prideful Fall The king's arrogant ambition to ascend above God results in his descent to the pit
  • 16-21
    Contempt for the Fallen Tyrant Onlookers marvel at the disgraceful end of one who terrorized the earth
  • 22-27
    Oracle Against Assyria God declares His unshakeable plan to break Assyria's yoke from His people
  • 28-32
    Oracle Against Philistia Warning against premature celebration, as judgment comes from the north while Zion remains secure

Israel's Return and Babylon's Fall

14:1–14:23
prophecy triumphant

A prophecy of Israel's restoration and Babylon's downfall, including a taunt song against Babylon's king. The passage describes how the oppressor will be humbled and the oppressed will find rest and peace.

person_contrast

Jacob appears with divine "compassion" only here and in Psalm 102:13, creating an unusual pairing that emphasizes God's tender restoration after judgment.

Oracle Against Assyria

14:24–14:27
prophecy solemn

A brief oracle declaring God's determined plan to break Assyria's power in his own land. The passage emphasizes God's sovereign authority and the certainty of his purposes.

structural

The divine oath formula "The LORD of Armies has sworn" appears only here and in Amos 4:2 and 6:8, uniquely combining God's military title with his unbreakable promise against foreign oppressors.

Oracle Against Philistia

14:28–14:32
prophecy warning

An oracle against Philistia warning them not to rejoice prematurely over their enemy's defeat. The passage contrasts Philistia's coming destruction with Zion as a place of refuge for God's afflicted people.

person_contrast

King Ahaz's death marks the oracle's timing, yet unusually for this disobedient king, his demise here signals divine sovereignty protecting Zion's poor rather than judgment upon Judah.

Insights

Insight Character Study

Jacob appears with divine "compassion" only here and in Psalm 102:13, creating an unusual pairing that emphasizes God's tender restoration after judgment.

Insight Literary Structure

The divine oath formula "The LORD of Armies has sworn" appears only here and in Amos 4:2 and 6:8, uniquely combining God's military title with his unbreakable promise against foreign oppressors.

Insight Character Study

King Ahaz's death marks the oracle's timing, yet unusually for this disobedient king, his demise here signals divine sovereignty protecting Zion's poor rather than judgment upon Judah.

Cross-References

Connected passages across Scripture

Interlinear

Word-by-word original language

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Historical Context

Places and events in this chapter

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