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Exodus 2

The Birth and Adoption of Moses

1A man of the house of Levi went and took a daughter of Levi as his wife.

2The woman conceived and bore a son. When she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him three months.

3When she could no longer hide him, she took a papyrus basket for him, and coated it with tar and with pitch. She put the child in it, and laid it in the reeds by the river’s bank.

4His sister stood far off, to see what would be done to him.

5Pharaoh’s daughter came down to bathe at the river. Her maidens walked along by the riverside. She saw the basket among the reeds, and sent her servant to get it.

6She opened it, and saw the child, and behold, the baby cried. She had compassion on him, and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.”

7Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Should I go and call a nurse for you from the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for you?”

8Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go.” The young woman went and called the child’s mother.

9Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child away, and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.” The woman took the child, and nursed it.

10The child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, and said, “Because I drew him out of the water.”

Moses Flees to Midian

11In those days, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his brothers and saw their burdens. He saw an Egyptian striking a Hebrew, one of his brothers.

12He looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no one, he killed the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand.

13He went out the second day, and behold, two men of the Hebrews were fighting with each other. He said to him who did the wrong, “Why do you strike your fellow?”

14He said, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you plan to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian?” Moses was afraid, and said, “Surely this thing is known.”

15Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and lived in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.

Moses in Midian

16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.

17The shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock.

18When they came to Reuel, their father, he said, “How is it that you have returned so early today?”

19They said, “An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock.”

20He said to his daughters, “Where is he? Why is it that you have left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.”

21Moses was content to dwell with the man. He gave Moses Zipporah, his daughter.

22She bore a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, “I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land.”

God Remembers His Covenant

23In the course of those many days, the king of Egypt died, and the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up to God because of the bondage.

24God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.

25God saw the children of Israel, and God understood.

Exodus 2 introduces Moses through his miraculous preservation as an infant, when Pharaoh's daughter rescues him from the Nile and unknowingly employs his own mother as his nurse. As an adult, Moses attempts to defend his Hebrew kinsmen by killing an Egyptian taskmaster, but when his act becomes known, he flees to Midian where he marries and settles into pastoral life. The chapter concludes by noting that God hears the cries of the oppressed Israelites and remembers His covenant promises, setting the stage for divine intervention.

Context

This chapter bridges the gap between Israel's initial oppression in chapter 1 and God's call to Moses in chapter 3, establishing Moses' background and God's readiness to act.

Key Themes

Outline

  • 1-10
    Moses' Birth and Rescue A Levite couple's son is hidden from Pharaoh's decree, discovered by Pharaoh's daughter, and raised in the royal household.
  • 11-15
    Moses Kills an Egyptian and Flees Moses intervenes to defend a Hebrew slave, kills the Egyptian oppressor, and escapes to Midian when his deed is discovered.
  • 16-22
    Moses Settles in Midian Moses helps Jethro's daughters at a well, is welcomed into their household, and marries Zipporah who bears him a son.
  • 23-25
    God Remembers His Covenant After the pharaoh's death, Israel's continued suffering prompts God to remember His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

The Birth and Adoption of Moses

2:1–2:10
narrative narration hopeful

Moses is born to Levite parents, hidden from Pharaoh's decree, and providentially rescued and adopted by Pharaoh's daughter, positioning him for his future role as Israel's deliverer.

person_contrast

Moses, typically associated with divine law and covenant obedience, emerges here through feminine compassion—his mother's protective love and Pharaoh's daughter's merciful adoption defying royal genocide.

Moses Flees to Midian

2:11–2:15
narrative narration fearful

Moses kills an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew and flees to Midian when his act becomes known. This marks the beginning of Moses' exile and preparation for his future calling as deliverer of Israel.

person_contrast

Moses' impulsive act of violence against the Egyptian taskmaster paradoxically reveals his emerging sense of justice and calling, contrasting sharply with his later reputation for meekness and lawgiving.

Moses in Midian

2:16–2:22
narrative narration peaceful

Moses helps Reuel's daughters water their flocks, leading to his marriage to Zipporah and settlement in Midian. His naming of his son Gershom reflects his identity as a foreigner in exile.

person_contrast

Moses transforms from Egypt's reluctant lawgiver into Midian's protective shepherd, foreshadowing his future role as Israel's pastoral leader through this rare portrayal of domestic provision and marriage.

God Remembers His Covenant

2:23–2:25
narrative narration hopeful

God hears the cries of the enslaved Israelites and remembers His covenant with the patriarchs. This sets the stage for divine intervention and deliverance from Egyptian bondage.

person_contrast

Abraham's name appears with divine "remembering" and human "groaning" only here among his 85 biblical mentions, uniquely linking patriarchal promises to present suffering.

Insights

Insight Character Study

Moses, typically associated with divine law and covenant obedience, emerges here through feminine compassion—his mother's protective love and Pharaoh's daughter's merciful adoption defying royal genocide.

Insight Character Study

Moses' impulsive act of violence against the Egyptian taskmaster paradoxically reveals his emerging sense of justice and calling, contrasting sharply with his later reputation for meekness and lawgiving.

Insight Character Study

Moses transforms from Egypt's reluctant lawgiver into Midian's protective shepherd, foreshadowing his future role as Israel's pastoral leader through this rare portrayal of domestic provision and marriage.

Insight Character Study

Abraham's name appears with divine "remembering" and human "groaning" only here among his 85 biblical mentions, uniquely linking patriarchal promises to present suffering.

Cross-References

Connected passages across Scripture

Interlinear

Word-by-word original language

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Historical Context

Places and events in this chapter

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