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Judges 8

Gideon's Pursuit and Revenge

1The men of Ephraim said to him, “Why have you treated us this way, that you didn’t call us when you went to fight with Midian?” They rebuked him sharply.

2He said to them, “What have I now done in comparison with you? Isn’t the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?

3God has delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb! What was I able to do in comparison with you?” Then their anger was abated toward him when he had said that.

4Gideon came to the Jordan and passed over, he and the three hundred men who were with him, faint, yet pursuing.

5He said to the men of Succoth, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who follow me; for they are faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.”

6The princes of Succoth said, “Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your army?”

7Gideon said, “Therefore when the LORD has delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.”

8He went up there to Penuel, and spoke to them in the same way; and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered.

9He spoke also to the men of Penuel, saying, “When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.”

10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their armies with them, about fifteen thousand men, all who were left of all the army of the children of the east; for there fell one hundred twenty thousand men who drew sword.

11Gideon went up by the way of those who lived in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and struck the army; for the army felt secure.

12Zebah and Zalmunna fled and he pursued them. He took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and confused all the army.

13Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle from the ascent of Heres.

14He caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and inquired of him; and he described for him the princes of Succoth, and its elders, seventy-seven men.

15He came to the men of Succoth, and said, “See Zebah and Zalmunna, concerning whom you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your men who are weary?’”

16He took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth.

17He broke down the tower of Penuel, and killed the men of the city.

18Then he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men were they whom you killed at Tabor?” They answered, “They were like you. They all resembled the children of a king.”

19He said, “They were my brothers, the sons of my mother. As the LORD lives, if you had saved them alive, I would not kill you.”

20He said to Jether his firstborn, “Get up and kill them!” But the youth didn’t draw his sword; for he was afraid, because he was yet a youth.

21Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “You rise and fall on us; for as the man is, so is his strength.” Gideon arose, and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and took the crescents that were on their camels’ necks.

Gideon's Ephod and Death

22Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, “Rule over us, both you, your son, and your son’s son also; for you have saved us out of the hand of Midian.”

23Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. The LORD shall rule over you.”

24Gideon said to them, “I do have a request: that you would each give me the earrings of his plunder.” (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

25They answered, “We will willingly give them.” They spread a garment, and every man threw the earrings of his plunder into it.

26The weight of the golden earrings that he requested was one thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold, in addition to the crescents, and the pendants, and the purple clothing that was on the kings of Midian, and in addition to the chains that were about their camels’ necks.

27Gideon made an ephod out of it, and put it in Ophrah, his city. Then all Israel played the prostitute with it there; and it became a snare to Gideon and to his house.

28So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. The land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.

29Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and lived in his own house.

30Gideon had seventy sons conceived from his body, for he had many wives.

31His concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech.

32Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the tomb of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

33As soon as Gideon was dead, the children of Israel turned again and played the prostitute following the Baals, and made Baal Berith their god.

34The children of Israel didn’t remember the LORD their God, who had delivered them out of the hand of all their enemies on every side;

35neither did they show kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shown to Israel.

After his victory over Midian, Gideon faces criticism from the tribe of Ephraim but diplomatically defuses their anger. He pursues the remaining Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna, but receives no help from the Israelite cities of Succoth and Penuel, whom he later punishes severely. Following his complete victory and personal revenge for his brothers' deaths, Gideon declines kingship but creates a golden ephod that becomes a snare to Israel, leading them into idolatry after his death.

Context

This chapter concludes Gideon's judgeship that began in chapter 6, showing both his military success and the spiritual decline that characterizes the cyclical pattern of Judges.

Key Themes

Outline

  • 1-3
    Ephraim's Complaint and Gideon's Diplomacy Gideon tactfully appeases Ephraim's anger over not being called to the initial battle
  • 4-9
    Refusal of Aid from Succoth and Penuel Israelite cities refuse to help Gideon's weary troops, prompting threats of retaliation
  • 10-12
    Defeat of Zebah and Zalmunna Gideon surprises and captures the remaining Midianite kings and their army
  • 13-17
    Punishment of Succoth and Penuel Gideon fulfills his threats by brutally punishing the cities that refused aid
  • 18-21
    Execution of the Midianite Kings Gideon personally kills Zebah and Zalmunna to avenge his brothers' deaths
  • 22-27
    Gideon's Refusal of Kingship and the Golden Ephod Gideon declines royal rule but creates an idolatrous ephod from the spoils of war
  • 28-35
    Peace, Death, and Israel's Apostasy After forty years of peace under Gideon, Israel returns to Baal worship and forgets God's deliverance

Gideon's Pursuit and Revenge

8:1–8:21
narrative narration urgent

Gideon pursues the remaining Midianite kings across the Jordan, facing opposition from Israelite cities who refuse aid. He captures Zebah and Zalmunna and exacts revenge on those who denied him support.

person_contrast

Gideon transforms from the reluctant judge who sought divine confirmation through fleeces into a vengeful leader who tortures entire cities for refusing bread.

Gideon's Ephod and Death

8:22–8:35
narrative narration solemn

Gideon refuses kingship, acknowledging God's rule, but creates a golden ephod that becomes a snare to Israel. After his death, Israel returns to idolatry and forgets God's deliverance through Gideon.

person_contrast

Gideon's righteous rejection of kingship immediately precedes his creation of an idolatrous ephod, revealing how spiritual victory can paradoxically lead to spiritual compromise.

Insights

Insight Character Study

Gideon transforms from the reluctant judge who sought divine confirmation through fleeces into a vengeful leader who tortures entire cities for refusing bread.

Insight Character Study

Gideon's righteous rejection of kingship immediately precedes his creation of an idolatrous ephod, revealing how spiritual victory can paradoxically lead to spiritual compromise.

Cross-References

Connected passages across Scripture

Interlinear

Word-by-word original language

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Historical Context

Places and events in this chapter

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